Bladder cancer is a relatively common form of cancer that is defined as either pre-invasive or invasive, and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the most commonly diagnosed subtype[1]. NMIBC is typically treated by surgical resection and/or intravesical delivery of chemo- or immunotherapy-based adjuvant treatment, and long-term efficacy is monitored by urine testing or cystoscopy. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is relatively resistant to current treatment options and occurs more frequently in men. MIBC also has high rates of morbidity and mortality, and novel therapies or combination therapies are being developed to better treat this form of bladder cancer. Here we highlight recent findings about invasive bladder cancer biology and how these observations are informing the development of new therapies.
