Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is based on antigen–antibody binding to directly visualize the status of markers of interest in tissues. IHC provides a huge amount of information and is now indispensable in many fields including pathology, cancer biology, and drug discovery.

IHC has been and continues to be analyzed by pathologists using microscopy. For pathologists in everyday practice or in the research context, IHC is an essential tool to interpret the pathophysiology of diseased tissues. Furthermore, IHC is also a crucial tool for biomarker discovery validation leading to personalized medicine. It provides information about the localization and the abundance of the target protein, both within tissue and at the sub-cellular level.